What Does Marxism Tell Us About Economic Globalisation Today

Introduction Of late, there has been a significant rise of interactions between countries. They are interacting mostly in terms of trade and technology. It is rare to get a country that has no trade link with others. This is because there is none that has enough resources to cater entirely for its requirements. This then brings the issue of globalisation, viewed as the process by which countries â€Å"share† what they produce, buy, or sell, with others around the globe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Does Marxism Tell Us About Economic Globalisation Today? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is no more than trade, and hence economic globalisation, which result to the establishment of global markets. Though economic globalisation has been there before, its today’s rate of occurrence is a bit higher. Many views have been given concerning it and among them, are the Marxism views. Marxism pictur es today’s economic globalisation as being destructive, unstable, among others. Marxism view of economic globalisation â€Å"The need of a constantly expanding market for its products chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe. It must nestle everywhere, establish connexions everywhere.† (Marx 1975). According to this quote, economic globalisation in the unseen nature of capitalism, is spreading at an alarming rate and soon it will be everywhere around the globe. Marxists points that this globalisation is depriving the world of its heritage and traditions and owing to the crises therein, the whole world is seen to be approaching a permanent disaster. Marxism mentions capitalism pointing out a number of capitalist continents, Asia, Africa, not sparing Antarctica. Though, crises are known to be more in the developed countries of today, Marxism reckons a time, based on today’s observations of capitalism, when the globe will be industrialised, a situ ation that will render the world economy unstable. Marxism predicts that as this unfolds, the world will slowly be approaching a depression. Marxism movement bases its arguments on the entire globe criticising the rising capitalism. Besides this, Marxism has presented a precise view of the misuse of labour as well as the changes arising in the field of politics. Marxist economic analysis shows that currently, the United States leads in capitalism posing that it is experiencing a high competition from Japan, among others. In the near future, not far from today, Marxism presents the view that, these capitalist countries will be many and their oppression to the working class will be on the peak covering virtually the entire globe. This is why Marxism posits that the economic globalisation of today carries with it the destruction of the globe.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Con clusion Though it was highly criticised, virtually all the predictions made by Marxism are evident in today’s economic globalisation. Mass redundancy, world capitalist calamity, introduction of technology that would bring about the reduction of working hours, world-wide fall of profit levels, the rising living standards, not sparing the third-world war, to mention a few, were among the issues Marxism pointed. It stands out that almost all are being experienced today in the whole world. It is deducible that Marxism had the picture of the state of the global economy as possessing the aforementioned characteristics, which are evident today. Reference List Marx, K (1975), Manifesto of the Communist Party, Moscow, Progress Publishers. This essay on What Does Marxism Tell Us About Economic Globalisation Today? was written and submitted by user Joseph B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

John Wilkes Booth essays

John Wilkes Booth essays John Wilkes Booth was born May 10th, 1838 in Hartford, Maryland. He was the 9th of 10 children of Junius Booth and Mary Ann Holmes. Junius was one of the most famous actors on the American stage (Kimmel, p.33) Junius was eccentric and had many problems with alcohol. John Wilkes Booth attended several private schools, including a boarding school operated by Quakers. He then went on to attend St. Timothys Hall and Episcopal Military Academy in Maryland. During the 1850s young Booth became part of the Know-Nothing party in politics (Kimmel, p.55). The Know-Nothing party was formed by American natives who wanted to preserve the country for native-born whites. After his fathers death, Booth wanted to be a famous actor like him. When he was 17 years old, Booth made his stage debut in Richard III. Forgetting his lines and cues, the critics ridiculed him. Booth was so upset that two years passed before he returned to the stage (Samples, p.42). In 1857 Booth played Stock in Philad elphia, then later became a member of the Richmond Theater. As his career took off, many people called him the handsomest man in America. He stood 5-8, with jet-black hair, ivory skin, and was lean and athletic. He had an easy charm about him that attracted women.(Stern p.68) Soon Booth was earning around $20,000 a year. He was hailed as the youngest tragedian in the world.(Stern, p.69) For the next several years, Booth starred in Romeo and Juliet, The Apostate, The Marble Heart, The Merchant of Venice, Julius Caesar, Othello, The Taming of the Shrew, Hamlet, and Macbeth. In 1863, President Lincoln saw Booth in the role of Rapheal in the Marble Heart at Fords Theater in the exact same box that he would later be killed in. Booth became extremely interested in politics and was very opinionated. Booth was secretly a spy for the south and joined their R...

Learn About STP in Chemistry

Learn About STP in Chemistry STP in chemistry is the abbreviation for Standard Temperature and Pressure. STP most commonly is used when performing calculations on gases, such as gas density. The standard temperature is 273 K (0 ° Celsius or 32 ° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure is 1 atm pressure. This is the freezing point of pure water at sea level atmospheric pressure. At STP, one mole of gas occupies 22.4 L of volume (molar volume). Note the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) applies a more stringent standard of STP as  a temperature of 273.15 K (0  °C, 32  °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 100,000 Pa (1 bar, 14.5 psi, 0.98692 atm). This is a change from their earlier standard (changed in 1982) of  0  °C and 101.325 kPa (1 atm). Key Takeaways: STP or Standard Temperature and Pressure STP is the abbreviation for Standard Temperature and Pressure. However, the standard is defined differently by various groups.STP values are most often cited for gases because their characteristics change dramatically with temperature and pressure.One common definition of STP is a temperature of 273 K  (0 ° Celsius or 32 ° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure of 1 atm. Under these conditions, one mole of a gas occupies 22.4 L.Because the standard varies by industry, its good practice to state temperature and pressure conditions for measurements and not just say STP. Uses of STP Standard reference conditions are important for expressions of fluid flow rate and the volumes of liquids and gases, which are highly dependent on temperature and pressure. STP commonly is used when standard state conditions are applied to calculations. Standard state conditions, which include standard temperature and pressure, may be recognized in calculations by the superscript circle. For example, ΔS ° refers to the change in entropy at STP. Other Forms of STP Because laboratory conditions rarely involve STP, a common standard is standard ambient temperature and pressure or SATP, which is  a temperature of 298.15 K (25  °C, 77  °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 atm (101,325 Pa, 1.01325 bar). The International Standard Atmosphere or ISA and the U.S. Standard Atmosphere are standards used in the fields of fluid dynamics and aeronautics to specify temperature, pressure, density, and the speed of sound for a range of altitudes at the mid-latitudes. The two sets of standards are the same at altitudes up to 65,000 feet above sea level. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)  uses a temperature of 20  °C (293.15 K, 68  °F) and an absolute pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi, 1 atm) for STP. The Russian  State Standard GOST 2939-63 uses the standard conditions of 20  °C (293.15 K), 760 mmHg (101325 N/m2) and zero humidity.  The International Standard Metric Conditions for natural gas are 288.15 K (15.00  °C; 59.00  °F) and 101.325 kPa. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) both set their own standards, too. Correct Use of the Term STP Even though STP is defined, you can see the precise definition depends on the committee that set the standard! Therefore, rather than citing a measurement as performed at STP or standard conditions, its always best to explicitly state the temperature and pressure reference conditions. This avoids confusion. In addition, it is important to state the temperature and pressure for the molar volume of a gas, rather than citing STP as the conditions. When calculated molar volume, one should state whether the calculation used the ideal gas constant R or the specific gas constant Rs. The two constants are related where Rs R / m, where m is the molecular mass of a gas. Although STP is most commonly applied to gases, many scientists try to perform experiments at STP to SATP to make it easier to replicate them without introducing variables. Its good lab practice to always state the temperature and pressure or to at least record them in case they turn out to be important. Sources Doiron, Ted (2007). 20  °C – A Short History of the Standard Reference Temperature for Industrial Dimensional Measurements. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.McNaught, A. D.; Wilkinson, A. (1997). Compendium of Chemical Terminology, The Gold Book (2nd ed.). Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-86542-684-8.Natural gas – Standard reference conditions (ISO 13443). Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization. 1996.Weast, Robert C. (Editor) (1975). Handbook of Physics and Chemistry (56th ed.). CRC Press. pp. F201–F206. ISBN 0-87819-455-X.

Current Issues in Management and Financial Accounting Essay

Current Issues in Management and Financial Accounting - Essay Example The aim is to show the current issues that are making the two fields different; the current issues related with these fields. According to Lawrence J. Gitman differences between the two, harmonized financial accounting and variables management accounting are shown in this assignment to understand their purpose to deal with the accounting system. Below different factors are given used to develop a clear information to the reader that how the role of these two branches differ. Garrison Noreen mentioned that two approaches accounting differ with each other in respect to financial statements. The financial accounting actually deals with the presentation of financial data where as the management accounting is the management of the accounting and cost within the firm structure. The financial accounting system actually used to make different financial reporting and therefore, the financial accounting standard board has launched different standards that must be taken in consideration while forming the financial statements. That is the reason that the financial accounting system becomes a harmonized system whereas, management accounting do effect on the financial statements but this actually deals with the management of cost structure within the firm. ... ifference between the two approaches is that management accounting uses different forms of cost structure to ensure minimum cost used in the firm where as financial accounting actually deals with structures and reporting that inform that how much cost is incurred by the firm. The management of any firm uses the management accounting to control their cost within different firms where as financial accounting actually seeks the usefulness of such management accounting system. The management of the firm consider mainly on their cost structure so that they can manage their cost structure to gain much benefits in their financial statements. The financial accounting on the other hand has very precise purpose, it helps in forming the financial statements and also helps the firm to provide a better future understanding of their newly projects. They help to know that which project will be better while management accounting helps the management to manage their cost to gain extra. Therefore, the management uses the harmonized and standard financial accounting system to elaborate better financial conditions of the firm. Therefore, management The management accounting uses different standardized cost structures within the firm where as the financial accounting do not have any standardized cost structure that can be used by the firm. The system design of any firm includes the cost structure and cost design of the firm. For instance either the firm is using the job-order processing system and or process order system (Carl S. Warren, James M. Reeve, Philip F. (2005)). These systems define the cost structure of the firm. The firm chooses these management accounting systems according to the use of resources so that they can incur less cost in the firm. Where as, the financial

Explanation of Giovanni Battista Gualli's The Triumph Of The Name Of Essay

Explanation of Giovanni Battista Gualli's The Triumph Of The Name Of Jesus And The Fall Of The Damned - Essay Example In the clouds are the saints and other holy men who exudes adoration and extends praises. Aside from the enormous light that invites the holy people in the kingdom of Jesus, there are also men who vanishes to be part of the everlasting life as they are being casted down to hell by the same light that eminates the blessed. Extraordinarily, the work is striking the symbolism of what God wants us to believe and how he wants us to understand him. Thus, the work went beyond symbolism as it appears to bring you into reality as you experience close encounter with the painting. It serves as a walk-through the triumph of Jesus which gives you the feeling that the holy works is really happening. The way the large group of figures spill over the edge of the frame that seems to extend over your heads is not only there to make things appear real but its there for a deeper reason and that is for us learn how short in the distance that separates man on earth and Jesus on heaven. Truly, it can never be that far. The clouds on the other hand, strikes the great deal of solidity, serenity and color awakening us of the good things the earthly world has to offer. Thus, we should not be blinded by these because there are greater things beyond it that is yet to be explored.

Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay -- Horace Miner Bo

Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema In Horace Miner’s article, â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema†, he talks about a tribe and describes their odd behavior. He tells about how the tribe performs these strange daily rituals and how their peculiarity is extreme, but in fact he is actually speaking of Americans as a whole (Miner). Miner uses this style of writing to more effectively prove his point: that Americans are ethnocentric. Miner does an exceptional job in disguising the Nacirema as Americans. Some of the things he disguises are the bathroom, which he says is a cleansing shrine. He disguises the medicine chest as the main device in the shrine, a bundle of hog hairs on a stick as a toothbrush, and magical potions as medicine (Miner). In this article, Miner gives a few hints that the Nairema are indeed Americans. The fact that Nacirema spelled backwards is American is a huge hint by itself. Another clue is the â€Å"holy-mouth-men.† If you sit down and think about it for a second it is obvious to realize that they are indeed dentists. Also the me...

Applied Heat Past Examination Questions

Applied Heat past Examination Questions 1. An Ammonia refrigerator is to produce 2 tonne of ice per day at -4 °C from water at 20 °C. if the temperature range in the compressor is between 25 °C and -6 °C, Calculate horse power required to derive the compressor. Latent Heat of ice = 80 kcal/kg, and specific heat of ice= 0. 5 2. A compressor draws 42. 5 m3 of air per minute in the cylinder, at a pressure of 1. 05 kg/cm abs. It is compressed Polytropically pV1. 3=C to a pressure 4. 2 kg/cm2 abs, before being delivered to a receiver. Assuming a mechanical efficiency of 80% Calculate: a.Indicated horse power; b. Shaft horse power, and c. Overall isothermal efficiency. 3. A single stage impulse turbine has a speed of 1000rpm and a mean blade ring diameter of 60 cm. The nozzles are inclined at 22 ° to the plane of rotation and the specific enthalpy drop is 190 KJ/kg. Determine: a. The relative velocity of the steam at inlet, and b. The blade inlet angle. 4. An engine consumes fuel of calorific value 44MJ/Kg at a rate of 45tonne/day. It the indicated thermal efficiency is 39% and break thermal efficiency is 33%. Calculate: a. The indicated power, b. The brake power, and . The power lost to friction. 5. The air in a ship’s saloon is maintained at 19 °C and is changed twice every hour from the outside atmosphere which is at 7 °C. The saloon is 27m by 15m by 3m high. Calculate the kilowatt loading to heat this air taking the saloon to be at atmospheric Pressure = 1. 013 bar. R for air =0. 287 KJ/kg K. 6. 0. 23kg of air has an initial pressure of 1. 7 MN/m2 and a temperature of 200 °C. it is expanded to a pressure of 0. 34 MN/m2 according to the law pV 1. 35 = Constant. Determine the work transferred during the expansion. Take R = 0. 29 KJ/kg K. 7.The equivalent evaporation of a boiler from and at 100 °C is 10. 4 kg steam/kg fuel. The calorific value of the fuel is 29800KJ/kg. Determine the efficiency of the boiler. If the boiler produces 15000 kg of steam per hour at 24 bar from feed water of 40 °C and the fuel consumption is 1650 kg/h, determine the condition of the steam produced. 8. A single-cylinder, double acting steam engine is 250mm bore by 300mm stroke and runs at 3. 5rev/s, steam is supplied at 1035 KN/m2 and the back pressure is 34 KN/m2 and the diagram factor is 0. 81. Determine the indicated power of the engine. a. If cut off is at 0. 5 stroke, b. If cut off is at 0. 5 stroke. 9. Air enters a nozzle with a pressure of 700 KN/m2 and with a temperature of 180 °C. Exit pressure is 100 KN/m2. The law connecting pressure and specific volume during the expansion in the nozzle is pV1. 3=Constant. Determine the velocity at exit from the nozzle. Take Cp= 1. 006 KJ/kg K and Cv=0. 717 KJ/kg K. 10. A single row, impulse turbine has a mean blade speed of 215 m/s. Nozzle entry angle is at 30 ° to the plane of rotation of the blades. The steam velocity from the nozzles is 550 m/s. There is 15% loss of relative velocity du e to friction across blades.The absolute velocity at the exit is along the axis of the turbine. The steam flow through the turbine is at the rate of 700 kg/h. Determine: a. The inlet and exit angles of the blades, b. The absolute velocity of the steam at exit, c. The power output of the turbine. 11. The high temperature of a Carnot cycle is 400 °C and the cycle has a thermal efficiency of 55%. The volume ration of the isothermal processes is 2 : 8 : 1. Determine for the cycle: a. The low temperature, b. The volume ration of the adiabatic processes, c. The overall thermal efficiency. Take r = 1. 4 12.A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 14:1 and an efficiency ratio of 0. 7 when referred to the air standard efficiency. The fuel consumption is 5. 65 kg/h. Take r=1. 4 and calorific value of the fuel oil is 44500 KJ/kg. Determine the indicated power developed. 13. The analysis of a fuel oil is 85. 5% carbon, 11. 9% hydrogen, 1. 6% oxygen and 1% impurities. Calculate the percentag e of carbon dioxide in the flue gasses, a. When the quantity of air supplied is the minimum for complete combustion, and b. When the excess air over the minimum is : (i) 25% (ii) 50% iii) 75% 14. In an air compressor the air is compressed to the law pVn=constant. The compressor takes in 105 m3/min of air at 1. 0 bar 27 °C. If the pressure ratio is 5 to 1, calculate; a. The index of compression, b. Power absorbed by the compressor. 15. A single acting opposed piston 6 cylinder two stroke engine have mechanical efficiency of 86% when running at 105 rpm with mean effective pressure of 7. 24 bar, produces brake power of 4326 kW. The mass of the top piston with its connecting parts is 25% greater than that of bottom piston and the combined stroke is 2340 mm.If the stroke of piston varies inversely as the masses of the reciprocating parts. Calculate; (i) The stroke of the top and bottom pistons, (ii) The cylinder diameter. 16. The mass analysis of a fuel is 86% carbon, 11. 5% hydrogen a nd 2. 5% oxygen. If for complete combustion 25% excess air is supplied per kg of fuel burnt, calculate: a. The mass of flue gases, b. Volume of air at 1. 0 bar and 15 °C. Take R for air = 0. 287 kJ/kgh. 17. The diameter of an air compressor cylinder is 140 mm, the stroke is 180 mm, and the clearance volume is 77cm. he pressure in the cylinder at the beginning of the stroke is 1. 0 bar and during delivery is constant at 4. 8 bar. Taking the law of compression as pV1. 25=Constant, calculate; the distance moved by the piston during the delivery period and express this as fraction of the stroke. 18. A turbine plant consists of H. P. and L. P. stages and is supplied with steam at 15 bar 300 °C. The steam is expanded in the H. P. and leaves at 2. 5 bar 0. 97 dry. Some of the steam is bled off to the feed heater and remaining passes to L. P. where it is expanded to 0. 15 bar 0. 84 dry.If the same quantity of work transfer takes place in each unit, calculate the amount of steam bled off expressed as percentage of the steam supplied. 19. 7. 08 liters of air at a pressure 1. 79 bar and temperature of 333 °C is expanded according to the law pV 1. 3 = constant and the final pressure 1. 206 bar, calculate: a. Volume at the end of expansion, b. Work transfer from the air and, c. The temperature at the end of expansion. 20. Steam leaves the nozzle and enters the blade wheel of a single stage impulse turbine at a velocity of 840 m/s and at an angle of 20 ° to the plane of rotation.The blade velocity is 350 m/s and the exit angle of the blade is 25 °12’. Due to friction the steam looses 20% of its rotational velocity across the blades, calculate; a. The blade inlet angle and, b. The magnitude and the direction of absolute velocity of steam at exit. 21. In a Freon-12 refrigerating plant, Freon leaves the condenser with a specific enthalpy of 50kJ/kgK. The pressure in the evaporator is 1. 826 bars and the refrigerant leaves the evaporator at this pressure at a r ate of 0. 4 Kg/s and a temperature of 0 °C. Calculate; a. Dryness fraction of Freon at inlet of the evaporator, b.The refrigerating effect per minute. 22. A glass tube of uniform bore is closed at on end and open at the other. It contains air imprisoned by a column of mercury 42. 7 mm long. When the tube is held vertically with close end at the bottom, the length of the air column is 227. 6mm. Taking 1mm of mercury = 133. 5N/m2 and atmospheric pressure = 101. 5 kN/m2. Calculate the length of the air column if the tube is held vertically with the closed end at the top. 23. A single acting gas engine of bore 190 mm and stroke 380 mm has an indicated power of 13 kW when developing brake power of 9 kW there being 125 explosions per minute.The consumption of gas of calorific value 1. 76 MJ/m3 is 6. 8m3/hour. Calculate the mechanical and indicated thermal efficiencies, and the mean effective pressure. 24. A six cylinder, four stroke, internal combustion engine is required to develop a b rake of 176 kW under the following conditions: Speed 200rev/min, brake m. e. p. 8 bars, stroke/bore ratio 1. 25/1. Break specific fuel consumption 0. 262 Kg/KWh. Calculate:- a. The cylinder dimensions, and b. Fuel consumption kg/h 25. Carbon dioxide leaves a refrigeration condenser with a total heat of 156kJ/kg.After throttling it passes through the evaporator from and it leaves with a dryness fraction of 0. 98. At the evaporator pressure the liquid heat is 12kJ/kg and the latent heat is 280kJ/kg. If 13. 8 kg of refrigerant circulates per minute, calculate:- a. The dryness fraction at the inlet to the evaporator, and b. The heat absorbed in the evaporator in 24 hours. 26. Steam is generated from feed water at a temperature of 93. 3 ° C as follows: In plant A the steam generated is 17. 25 bar dry saturated. In plant B the steam generated is 17. 25 bar 0. 9 dry and, In Plant C the steam generated is 17. 5 bar 82 °C super heat. Calculate the percentage change in the consumption usi ng plant A as the base. 27. A hydrocarbon fuel cell is completely burned with 12. 5 percent excess air. Calculate the Volume of air used to burn 1Kg of fuel, measured at 1. 01 bars and 18 °C. Air contains 23 percent oxygen by mass. Atomic mass relationship: Hydrogen=2, Carbon=12, Oxygen=16. 28. An oil engine has a volumetric compression ratio of 13:1. At the commencement of compression the air in the cylinder is at 1 bar and 15. 6 °C. Calculate the temperature and pressure at the end of compression if the index of compression is 1. 8. 29. A single acting air compressor working without clearance has a 220mm bore and 200mm stroke. The suction conditions are 1 bar 27 °C and running speed is 10 rev/sec. if compression is according to the law pV1. 3=Constant and the discharge pressure is 10 bar. Calculate, a. The mass of air compressed per hour, and b. The discharge temperature. 30. Calculate the final temperatures and final total heat of both (a) and (b). a. Water at 65. 6  °C h aving a mass of 45. 36 kg is cooled by placing 4. 536 kg of ice at -8. 9 °C into the water. b. Water at 65. 6 °C having a mass of 54. 1 kg is cooled by addition of 22. 68 kg of water at 26. 7 °C. 31. An impulse steam turbine operates at 50rev/sec. The mean blade tip diameter is 0. 6m. The blade exit angle is 30 ° and the velocity of the steam relative to the blade at blade exit is 300 m/s. Calculate or determine by any other means the kinetic energy of steam leaving the blades per kilogram of steam flow. 32. A perfect gas at 3. 1 bar and 30 °C is compressed according to the law pV1. 3=constant until its temperature increases to 215 °C. Sketch the process on a p-V diagram and calculate: a.The pressure at the end of compression. b. The changes in enthalpy and internal energy per kilogram of gas. 33. In an ideal constant volume cycle the temperature at the beginning of compression is 50 °C. the volumetric compression ratio is 5:1. If the heat supplied during the bible is 930 KJ/Kg of working fluid, calculate: a. The maximum temperature attained on the cycle, b. Work done during the cycle/kg of working fluid, and c. The thermal efficiency of the cycle. Take ?=1. 4 and Cv= 0. 1717 KJ/Kg K. 34. A fuel has a mass analysis of carbon 87 percent, hydrogen 5. percent and remainder ash. The calorific value of carbon and hydrogen are 34MJ/kg and 145 MJ/kg respectively. Calculate for one kilogram of fuel: a. The calorific value, b. The mass of exhaust gas if 35 percent excess air is supplied. When burning fuel, why is excess air used? Air contains 23 percent oxygen by mass Atomic mass relationships: hydrogen=1, oxygen=16, carbon=12. 35. One kilogram of dry saturated steam at 4 bars is contained in a cylinder fitted with a piston. The steam rejects 320 KJ of heat energy at constant pressure is 1. 4 bars. Calculate: a.The condition of the steam on completion of cooling at constant pressure, b. The condition of the steam on completion of cooling at constant volum e, and c. The quantity of heat energy rejected during constant volume cooling. 36. A steam turbine which operates at 50rev/s has a mean blade-ring diameter of 1m at a certain stage. The blades are designed for 50 percent reaction and have the exit and inlet angles at 30 ° and 50 ° respectively. The turbine is supplied with steam at the ratio of 166. 67kg/s and the stage efficiency is 85 percent. Calculate or determine by any other means: a.The power output of the stage, and b. The specific enthalpy drop in the stage. 37. In Ammonia refrigeration plant the refrigerant leaves the condenser at 22 °C as saturated liquid. The evaporator pressure is 2. 077bar and refrigerant leaves the evaporator 0. 98 dry saturated. For a cooling load of 40kW, calculate: a. The rate of circulation of the refrigerant (kg/s), b. The effective swept volume of the compressor (m3) if its speed is 1 rev/s. 38. A copper bar of 75mm diameter, 13m long is heated by a direct current flowing through the bar. The steady electrical input to the bar is 500W.Assuming the bar is well-insulated and neglecting conduction heat losses at the leads, calculate the wires taken for the temperature of the bar to increase from 5 °C to 365 °C. 39. A single stage double acting air compressor deals with 18. 2m3 of air per minute measured at conditions of 1. 61325 bar 15 °C. The condition at the beginning of compression is 0. 965 bar 27 °C and the discharge pressure is 4. 82 bars. The compression is according to the law pV1. 32=constant. If the mechanical efficiency of the compressor is 0. 9 calculate the input power required to drive the compressor. 40.In a steady flow process the working fluid enters and leaves a horizontal system with negligible velocity. The temperature drop from inlet to outlet is 480 °C and the heat losses from the system are 10KJ/kg of fluid. Determine the power output from the system for a fluid flow of 1. 7kg/s. For fluid Cp=900 J/kgK. 41. A four stroke single cylinder engine working on constant volume cycle, develops 7. 5 KW(Brake) at 60 rev/s, the mechanical efficiency being 0. 8. The pressure at the â€Å"beginning of compression† is 0. 97 bar. The engine has a volumetric compression ratio of 7 and the maximum pressure reached in the cycle is 34 bar.If both compression and expansion is according to the law pV1. 38=constant. Calculate: a. The indicated mean effective pressure, and b. The diameter of the cylinder if stroke/bore ratio is 1. 25. 42. A boiler generates steam at 40 bar 400 °C and supplied to a steam turbine at the rate of 14 kg/s. due to frictional and heat losses the steam at the turbine inlet is at 37 bar 350 °C. If the steam velocity leaving the boiler is 30 m/s and the change in the kinetic energy of steam is negligible. Calculate: a. The diameter of the steam supply pipe, and b. The heat loss from the steam supply pipe.